Millets

The United Nations (UN) has declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets, recognizing the importance of this group of small-seeded grasses for food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture. Millets are a diverse group of grains that have been cultivated for thousands of years and are important staples in many regions of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia.

The designation of the International Year of Millets provides an opportunity to raise awareness of the benefits of millets and to promote their cultivation, consumption, and trade. In this article, we will explore the significance of millets, their nutritional benefits, the challenges faced by millet farmers, and the potential solutions to these challenges.

What are millets?

Millets are a group of small-seeded grasses that are cultivated for their edible grains. They are known for their resilience in harsh growing conditions, including drought, poor soil fertility, and high temperatures. Millets are a staple food in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia, and are used to make a variety of dishes, including bread, porridge, and alcoholic beverages.

There are several types of millets, including finger millet, pearl millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, and sorghum. Each type of millet has its unique nutritional profile, flavor, and texture. Finger millet, for example, is high in calcium and iron and is commonly used to make porridge and bread. Pearl millet, on the other hand, is rich in protein and fiber and is often used to make flatbreads.

Why are millets important?

Millets are an important source of food and nutrition for millions of people around the world. They are particularly important in regions where other staple crops, such as rice and wheat, are not well adapted to the local growing conditions. Millets are also known for their health benefits, as they are rich in nutrients, such as protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

In addition to their nutritional value, millets are also important for sustainable agriculture. Millets are highly resilient and can thrive in harsh growing conditions, making them an ideal crop for smallholder farmers in marginal areas. They also require less water and fertilizer than other crops, making them more environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

Despite their importance, millets have been largely neglected by policymakers, researchers, and consumers in recent years. This has led to a decline in millet cultivation and consumption, as farmers have switched to more profitable crops, and consumers have shifted to more processed foods. The International Year of Millets aims to reverse this trend by raising awareness of the benefits of millets and promoting their cultivation and consumption.

What are the nutritional benefits of millets?

Millets are highly nutritious and are a good source of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are also gluten-free, making them an ideal food for people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance. Here are some of the nutritional benefits of millets:

High in protein: Millets are a good source of protein, containing up to 15% protein by weight. This makes them an important food for people who do not consume animal products.

Rich in fiber: Millets are also high in fiber, which is important for digestive health and can help prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.

Vitamins and minerals: Millets are rich in vitamins and minerals, including iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. These nutrients are essential for maintaining healthy bones, teeth, and immune function.

Low glycemic index: Millets have a low glycemic index, which means they release glucose into the bloodstream more slowly than other carbohydrates. This can help regulate blood sugar levels and prevent spikes in insulin.

The International Year of Millets was observed in 2023. As of today, which is March 1, 2023, the year is still ongoing, and its conclusion will be at the end of December 2023. Throughout the year, various activities and events are being organized to raise awareness about the nutritional, ecological, and cultural value of millets, and to promote their production and consumption.